The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.
